チラルのブラストメア配列は,スナイルにおけるジゴトの左-右非対称性の経路を決定する
Reiko Kuroda1, Bunshiro Endo, Masanori Abe
1Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. ckuroda@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Nature
|November 27, 2009
まとめ
早期のカタツムリの発達は,8細胞の段階での細胞の配置が左-右非対称性を規定することを明らかにします. このキラルブラストメア配列を操作することで,胚の手性およびノダルシグナル伝達が逆転する.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 左-右非対称性はほとんどの動物の基本的な特徴ですが,その初期の発達メカニズムはまだよくわかっていません.
- Lymnaea stagnalisのような胃足類は,母因子によって決定される遺伝的キラリティ (左側/右側) を表しており,その基礎となる遺伝子やメカニズムは特定されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- Lymnaea stagnalis.の左右非対称性を決定する重要な発達段階と細胞イベントを特定する.
- 初期の胚性キラリティと下流のシグナル伝達経路,特にノダル経路との関係を調査する.
主な方法:
- Lymnaea stagnalisの胚における第3割れ目 (4〜8細胞段階) のブラストメア配列の機械的微小操作.
- 胚のハンドル性の観察と,その後の操作されたスナイルの発達.
- 操作された胚におけるノダル信号経路発現パターンの分析.
- バッククロスされた先天的な動物を用いた遺伝的リンク分析.
主要な成果:
- 前の段階ではなく,8細胞の段階でのブラストメアのキラルな配置が,左-右非対称性を決定する.
- 3番目の割れ目のキラリティの微細操作により,胚の手性性が逆転し,キラリティが逆転した生存可能なスナックが生成されました.
- マニピュレーションにより,胚のノダル発現パターンが変化し,ブラストメア配列がこの経路の上流に作用することを示した.
- 手つきを決定する遺伝子と,第3の割れ目のキラル細胞骨格動態との間に強い遺伝的リンクが発見された.
結論:
- 8細胞段階での母性的に決定されたブラストオメアの配置は,ジゴティックシグナル伝達経路と生物の左から右のパターニング (キロモルフォゲネシス) の決定に不可欠です.
- これらの発見は,初期の細胞ヒラリティと,アシンメトリを確立する Nodal パスウェイの間のメカニズム的なリンクを確立します.
- 脊椎動物を含む他の生物の左から右のパターンに,類似したキラルブラストーメアの構成メカニズムが保存されている可能性があります.
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