細胞外マトリックス: 美しい線維線維だけではありません
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. rohynes@mit.edu
まとめ
細胞外マトリックス (ECM) とそのタンパク質は,構造的なサポート以上のものを提供し,細胞粘着,シグナル伝達,成長因子調節に影響を与えます. これらの複雑な相互作用を理解することは,様々な生物学的プロセスや疾患において極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
背景:
- 細胞外マトリックス (ECM) は,生物学的現象における構造的サポートを超えて重要な役割を果たします.
- ECMタンパク質は,発達パターン,幹細胞ニッチ,がん,遺伝疾患に関与しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ECMタンパク質の多面的な役割を強調する.
- ECMのシグナル伝達と規制機能を考慮する重要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- ECMタンパク質内の保存ドメインの分析.
- ECMタンパク質,粘着受容体 (例えば,インテグリン) と溶解性成長因子の間の相互作用の調査.
主要な成果:
- ECMタンパク質には,インテグリンのような細胞表面受容体と結合する独立に折りたたまれたドメインが含まれています.
- ECMタンパク質は,溶解性成長因子の分布,活性化,表示を調節する.
- ECMは,組織化された固体相リガンドとして機能し,複雑な信号を細胞に統合します.
結論:
- ECMタンパク質は,粘着とシグナル伝達を通じて,細胞の行動を積極的に調節する.
- 成長因子プレゼンテーションにおけるECMの規制機能は極めて重要です.
- ECMの包括的な理解には,その構造とシグナル特性を統合する必要があります.
関連する概念動画
The Extracellular Matrix
Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
The Extracellular Matrix
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.Composition of the Extracellular MatrixThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse molecules.
Extracellular Matrix
Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
Fibrous Proteins
Fibrous proteins are either long and narrow proteins or assemble to form long and thin structures. They contain repetitive units and usually consist of either alpha helices or beta sheets and, in rare cases, a mix of both. The amino acids in the primary structure often consist of repeating amino acid sequences. The role of fibrous proteins is primarily structural. Many are located in the extracellular matrix and are present in connective tissues to impart strength and joint mobility. They are...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions
The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...


