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グリーンランドの最近の質量損失を分割する.
Michiel van den Broeke1, Jonathan Bamber, Janneke Ettema
1Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Netherlands. m.r.vandenbroeke@uu.nl
まとめ
グリーンランドの氷床の質量減少は,表面プロセスと氷の動力学によって等しく引き起こされます. 衛星データによると,2006年以来,融解が加速しており,世界の海面上昇に大きく寄与している.
科学分野:
- 氷河学 氷河学とは
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 地球システム科学 地球システム科学
背景:
- グリーンランドの氷床の質量減少は,世界の海面上昇に大きく貢献しています.
- 氷の減少の原因を理解することは,気候モデリングと海面予測に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 最近のグリーンランド氷の質量損失の個々の構成要素を定量化するために.
- 表面プロセスと氷の動態が質量バランスに与える影響を評価する.
- 質量予算の計算を衛星重力観測で検証する.
主な方法:
- グリーンランドの氷の損失を定量化するために,質量予算の計算が行われました.
- 重力回復と気候実験 (GRACE) の衛星重力観測が検証に使用されました.
- 分析は2000年から2008年までの期間と2006年以降の動向に焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- グリーンランドにおける2000年から2008年の総質量損失は約1500ギガトンで,海面上昇に年間0.46ミリメートルの影響を及ぼした.
- 質量損失は,表面プロセス (流出と降水) と氷のダイナミクスに等しく分かれています.
- 2006年以来の夏の融解率が増加したため,年間273ギガトン (0.75ミリメートル/年海面上昇) の質量損失が加速しました.
- 降雪と再凍結が増加しなかったら,1996年以降の質量損失は100%高かっただろう.
結論:
- 表面質量バランスの変動は,GRACEの質量変動を完全に説明し,年次氷の排出量の最小限の変化を示しています.
- 表面プロセスと氷の動態の両方が,グリーンランドの海面上昇への貢献において重要な役割を果たしています.
- 気候変動による加速的な融解は,最近のグリーンランドの氷の減少の主な要因である.
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