炭素支払いを活用して,生物多様性を保護する
Oscar Venter1, William F Laurance, Takuya Iwamura
1The Ecology Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. oventer@uq.edu.au
まとめ
炭素削減のための森林保護 (REDD) は生物多様性の恩恵をもたらしますが,資金配分にはトレードオフが含まれています. 些細な資金調整は,炭素目標に影響を最小限にしながら,保護された種を大幅に増加させることができます.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
- 気候変動の緩和 気候変動の緩和
背景:
- 森林破壊と劣化による排出量削減 (REDD) などの森林保護の取り組みは,世界中でますます奨励されています.
- REDDの生物多様性の保全における有効性は,炭素と種の保全の優先事項の空間的重複に左右されます.
- これらの空間的関係を理解することは,保全資金の最適化に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 森林の炭素吸収と生物多様性の保全のための資金の配分の間のグローバルな空間的トレードオフを分析する.
- 森林の脊椎動物種の保護に対する費用対効果の高いREDD資金の影響を評価する.
- 副利益の最大化のために最適な資金配分戦略を特定する.
主な方法:
- 森林の炭素と生物多様性のデータをグローバルスケールで空間的に分析.
- REDDイニシアチブの資金配分シナリオのモデリング.
- 非線形関係分析を用いたトレードオフの評価.
主要な成果:
- 森林の炭素と生物多様性のための資金を割り当てるとき,地球規模で重要な空間的トレードオフが存在します.
- 費用対効果の高いREDD資金調達戦略では,限られた数の森林脊椎動物種を保護する地域を優先しています.
- 非線形的なトレードオフは,資金配分におけるわずかな調整が,生物多様性の成果を大幅に向上させることができることを示している.
結論:
- REDDの資金配分を最適化することで,炭素吸収の目標に妥協することなく,生物多様性の共同利益を大幅に改善することができます.
- 炭素排出量の4-8%削減は,REDDイニシアチブによって保護される生物多様性を倍増させる可能性がある.
- 森林保護プログラムの二重の利点を最大化するために,統合された保全計画が不可欠です.
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