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翼の筋肉の特徴的な頭蓋骨と頸部内化:コウモリの一種性であるコウモリの新たな証拠
1Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 22, 1991
まとめ
蝙蝠の翼の筋肉は二重の内接を示し,すべての蝙蝠 (マイクロキロプテラとメガキロプテラ) がモノフィレティック群であることを示している. この発見は,フライング・レムルの顔面神経内化と併せて,共通の翼を持つ祖先がいたことを示唆している.
科学分野:
- 動物学 動物学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 比較解剖学 比較解剖学とは
背景:
- コウモリ (Chiroptera) の進化的関係,特に旧世界果物コウモリ (Megachiroptera) と昆虫コウモリ (Microchiroptera) の位置について議論されてきた.
- 以前の仮説は,コウモリの一種性 (monophyly) に異議を唱え,メガキロプテラは飛ぶレムール (Dermoptera) や霊長類とより密接に関連している可能性があることを示唆した.
研究 の 目的:
- 比較神経解剖学を用いて,コウモリの系統遺伝関係を調査する.
- 独特の翼の筋肉の内動パターンがコウモリの一種種を支えているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- メガキロプテラとマイクロキロプテラの両方の特殊なロストラル翼筋の内置パターンの比較分析.
- Dermopteraを含む関連哺乳類のグループにおける内膜化パターンの検査.
主要な成果:
- メガキロプテラとマイクロキロプテラは,顔面神経と頸椎脊髄神経によってロストラル翼の筋肉の二重内化を示しています.
- これらの翼の筋肉の顔神経内置は,皮膚類にも存在します.
結論:
- 共有された二重内置パターンは,コウモリ (Chiroptera) のモノフィリーを強くサポートしています.
- コウモリと皮膚類の両方において顔面神経内膜の存在は,翼を持っていた共通の祖先を示唆しています.
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