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02:38Molecules and Compounds
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Atoms and Molecules
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01:32Types of Signaling Molecules
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In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
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03:48Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion
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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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01:45Positive Regulator Molecules
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To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
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02:39Positive Regulator Molecules
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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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01:23Ions, Molecules, and Compounds
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Ions - When an atom participates in a chemical reaction that results in the donation or acceptance of one or more electrons, the atom becomes positively or negatively charged. This frequently happens for most atoms to have a full valence shell. This can happen either by gaining electrons to fill a shell that is more than half-full or by giving away electrons to empty a shell that is less than half-full, thereby leaving the next smaller electron shell as the new, full valence shell. An atom with...
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狂気の分子である.
1The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ssnyder@jhmi.edu
Cell
|January 13, 2010
まとめ
この物語は,精神医学から神経化学に至るまでの50年の科学的な旅を考察しています. ニューロサイエンスと薬理学における多様な研究分野をナビゲートする若い科学者のための洞察を提供します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 精神科医は精神病を患っている.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- 著者のキャリアは,精神医学と人間の精神に対する最初の関心から発展した.
- この軌道は,神経伝達物質と薬理学的薬剤の深い生化学的調査につながった.
