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チンパンジーのY染色体と人間のY染色体は,構造と遺伝子含有量において著しく異なっています
Jennifer F Hughes1, Helen Skaletsky, Tatyana Pyntikova
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature
|January 15, 2010
まとめ
人間とチンパンジーのY染色体は,過去600万年の間に急速に進化し,遺伝子の内容と構造の有意な違いを示しています. この急速な進化は,精子生産や交配行動などの要因によって引き起こされ,古いY染色体では単純な遺伝子喪失ではなく,大きなリニューアルが示唆されています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 比較ゲノミクスとは
背景:
- Y染色体の最近の進化は,シーケンシングデータが限られているため,ほとんど理解されていません.
- 現存する理論によると,Y染色体は主に遺伝子の喪失によって進化し,静止状態に陥る.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトのMSYと比較するために,Y染色体 (MSY) のチンパンジー男性特異領域の配列を決定する.
- 古い,高度に進化したY染色体の進化的動態を調査する.
主な方法:
- チンパンジーのMSY.の配列解析が完了しました.
- 人間とチンパンジーのMSY配列の比較分析.
主要な成果:
- 人間とチンパンジーのMSYは,配列構造と遺伝子含有量の根本的な違いを示しています.
- チンパンジーのMSYはパリンドロームを多く持っていますが,最後の共通の祖先と比較して重要な遺伝子ファミリーを失っています.
- 急速な進化は,過去600万年に起こった.
結論:
- Y染色体の進化は,遺伝子の喪失だけではありません;古いY染色体は,重要な更新を受けます.
- 分離を促す要因には,精子生産,遺伝的ヒッチハイク,再結合,交尾行動などがあります.
関連する概念動画
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
X and Y Chromosomes
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
Chromosome Structure
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Chromosome Structure
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Pedigree Analysis
Overview

