メタノゲネシスの大規模な制御は,宇宙空間のデータであるメタンと重力から推測された

A Anthony Bloom¹, Paul I Palmer, Annemarie Fraser

¹School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 16, 2010

まとめ

湿地はメタン (CH4) の主要な供給源である. この研究では,熱帯湿地のCH4排出量を定量化し,温暖化による7%の上昇を推定し,世界の大気中のCH4レベルに影響を与えています.

科学分野:

環境科学環境科学
大気化学大気化学
リモートセンシング (リモートセンサー)

背景:

湿地は大気中のメタン (CH4) の最大の源である.
湿地のCH4排出量の正確な規模と地理的分布は,大陸規模で十分に定量化されていない.
これらの排出量を理解することは,気候モデリングと緩和戦略にとって極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

宇宙でのCH4測定への湿地と米畑の貢献を隔離し,定量化する.
世界的に湿地からのCH4排出量の空間的分布を決定する.
湿地のCH4排出量の変化を時間とともに推定し,それを環境要因に起因させる.

主な方法:

水平面の深さ (ガンマ) のプロキシとして重力異常の衛星観測を利用した.
CH4測定と並行して分析された表面温度 (TS) データ.
2003年から2005年の間に,ガマとTSとCH4の変動を相関させるための統計的方法が適用されました.

主要な成果:

熱帯湿地は,世界のCH4排出量に大きく貢献しており,排出量は52%~58%と推定されています.
熱帯地域と高緯度の地域におけるCH4の変動は,水平面の深さおよび地表温度と強く相関しています.
2003年から2007年の間に湿地のCH4排出量が7%増加したと推定されており,これは北極圏と北緯圏の温暖化に関連している.

結論:

熱帯湿地は,世界のメタン排出量の主要な源である.
温暖化傾向は,観測された大気中のCH4変化と一致する湿地のCH4排出量の増加を促しています.
衛星のリモートセンシングは,湿地のCH4排出量などの大規模な生地化学サイクルを監視するための貴重なツールを提供します.

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