生まれながらの免疫ホメオスタシスのFOXO依存的調節
Thomas Becker1, Gerrit Loch, Marc Beyer
1Development, Genetics & Molecular Physiology Unit, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
Nature
|January 22, 2010
まとめ
転写因子FOXOは,伝統的な免疫経路とは無関係に抗菌性ペプチド (AMP) を活性化させ,代謝と先天性免疫を結びつける新しいメカニズムを提供します. 人間とドロソフィラのこの保存されたプロセスは,エネルギー不足時に宿主の防御を調節する可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 生まれながらの免疫力があります.
- メタボリズムは
- 細胞のストレス反応は,
背景:
- 抗微生物ペプチド (AMP) は,病原体に対する宿主防御に不可欠です.
- ドロソフィラでは,AMP誘導は主にTollとIMDの免疫経路によって調節されます.
- 転写因子FOXOは,ストレス抵抗性,代謝,老化を調節する.
研究 の 目的:
- AMPの活性化がToll経路とIMD経路とは独立して起こるかどうかを調査する.
- AMPsの調節における転写因子FOXOの役割を調査する.
- FOXO媒介のAMP調節が進化的に保存されているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 飢餓,インスリンシグナル伝達変異体,小分子阻害剤の条件下でドロソフィラのAMP遺伝子活性化を研究.
- foxo null変異体とFOXO過剰発現モデルにおけるAMP発現の分析.
- FOXO結合を評価するためにドロソミシンプロモーターの分子実験を行う.
- ドロソフィラの体内研究とヒト細胞 (肺,腸,腎臓,皮膚) の体外研究を行う.
主要な成果:
- FOXOは,TollとIMD経路から独立して,AMP遺伝子を直接活性化します.
- FOXOによるAMP誘導は,飢餓やインスリンシグナル伝達などの代謝シグナルに反応して発生する.
- FOXOはドロソミシン遺伝子の調節領域に直接結合し,転写を誘導する.
- このFOXO依存のAMPの調節は,ヒトを含む種間で保存されています.
結論:
- FOXOによる代謝と先天性免疫の相互調節のための新しいメカニズムが存在します.
- FOXO媒介のAMP活性化は,病原体の関与なしに,生理学的ストレスとエネルギー不足の間に防御メカニズムを提供します.
- この経路は,免疫反応を調節する方法を提供し,潜在的に低エネルギーまたはストレスの期間中に宿主組織の損傷を最小限に抑えることができます.
関連する概念動画
Inflammatory Response
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

