骨の接続は,コウモリにおける喉頭回響位置をシグナルする

Nina Veselka¹, David D McErlain, David W Holdsworth

¹Department of Biology, Robarts Research Institute.

Nature

|January 26, 2010

まとめ

バットとバット.

科学分野:

比較解剖学の比較解剖学について
進化生物学の進化生物学について
バイオアコースティクスバイオアコースティクス

背景:

コウモリが航海するために使用するエコーロケーションは,種間で普遍的ではありません.
ほとんどのコウモリは喉頭回音を用いるが,Pteropodidae (フルーツコウモリ) のいくつかは舌のクリックを用いる.
太鼓骨とスタイロヒアル骨の関節は,エコーロケーションの起源を理解するための鍵です.

研究の目的:

コウモリにおける喉頭エコロケーションの独特な解剖学的マーカーを特定するために.
化石種を含むコウモリにおけるエコーロケーションの進化史を調査する.
喉頭と喉頭以外のエコロケーションメカニズムを区別する.

主な方法:

マイクロコンピュータトモグラフィー (CT) スキャンは,26種から35種類のコウモリをスキャンしました.
スチロヒアル骨と tympanic骨の関節の分析.
様々なバットファミリーにおける形態学的比較分析.

主要な成果:

太鼓骨とスタイロヒアル骨の近接関節は,一貫して喉頭エコロカータを識別します.
この関節は,しばしば喉のエコーロケーションを使用してコウモリで融合されます.
化石のコウモリOnychonycteris finneyiは,そのスタイロヒアル-ティムパニックの形状に基づいた喉頭エコーロケーションを使用した可能性がある.

結論:

ステロヒアル - ティンパニック骨の関節は,喉頭エコーロケーションのコウモリを識別するための信頼できる解剖学的特徴を提供します.
この発見は,Onychonycteris finneyi.yi.のような初期のコウモリのエコーロケーション能力に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
この研究は,コウモリにおける飛行とエコロケーションの進化とタイミングに関する新しい洞察を提供します.

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