武装紛争における医療従事者や医療施設の保護に対する責任
Leonard S Rubenstein1, Melanie D Bittle
1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. lrubenst@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|January 30, 2010
まとめ
武装紛争中の医療への攻撃は頻繁であり,民間人を標的にし,軍事的優位性を目指しています. 改善された報告と説明責任は,医療機能と医療従事者の保護に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 医療倫理 医療倫理について
- 国際人道法 国際人道法
- 紛争における人権
背景:
- 武装紛争では,患者,職員,施設に対する攻撃を含む医療中立性の違反が一般的です.
- 既存の戦争法は,そのような攻撃を禁止しているが,遵守,保護,説明責任の仕組みは不十分である.
- 15年以上にわたり,これらの違反の頻度と種類に関する体系的なレビューが欠けています.
研究 の 目的:
- 武装紛争における医療機能に対する攻撃の範囲と傾向を体系的に見直し,分析する.
- 報告方法の欠陥と違反の範囲を特定する.
- 紛争地域における医療への攻撃のパターンと動機を理解する.
主な方法:
- 2003年から2008年までの3つのグローバル人権報告書の情報源を体系的に検討した.
- 1989年から2008年までの武力紛争における違反に関する詳細な報告書を分析した.
- 総合的なデータ収集のための統一的な検索基準を活用した.
主要な成果:
- 医療機能に対する侵害の報告の範囲と方法における重大な欠陥を特定しました.
- 3つの主要な傾向が明らかになった:より広範な民間攻撃の一環として医療機能への攻撃,軍事的利益のために攻撃の使用,医療従事者の倫理的義務への無視.
- 患者の所属関係に関係なく,ケアを提供するという義務に対する尊重の欠如を強調した.
結論:
- 武力紛争における医療への攻撃は多面的で,しばしば民間人を標的にし,軍事的目的に役立つ.
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) が主導する堅実で体系的な文書化が緊急に必要である.
- 各国と医療界は,医療の中立性を維持するために,遵守,保護,説明責任の措置を強化しなければなりません.
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