ハウス・オフィサーは失敗から学ぶのか?
A W Wu1, S Folkman, S J McPhee
1Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco.
JAMA
|April 24, 1991
まとめ
医学的ミスは,内科院の職員間で一般的であり,しばしば重篤な患者に害をもたらします. 失敗について話し合い,責任を受け入れることは,建設的な実践の変化を促し,仕事量や制度的な判断は,住民の反応に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 医療教育 医療教育について
- 患者の安全性についてです.
- 医療の質 医療の質とは
背景:
- 医療上の誤りは,医療の提供において避けられない側面です.
- 医療ミスと実践変更の関連性を理解することは,患者の治療結果を改善するために極めて重要です.
- 内科院院員は,エラー報告と学習を研究するための重要な人口です.
研究 の 目的:
- 内科院職員による医療ミスと,その後の医療実践の変化との関係を調査する.
- 同級生や監督者との議論,患者と家族のコミュニケーションを含む,エラーに対するハウスオフィサーの反応に影響を与える要因を特定する.
- 認識されたワークロードと制度文化がエラー報告と学習に与える影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 内科院職員254人に匿名でアンケート調査を行いました.
- 114人のハウス・オフィサー (45%) が,調査を完了し,最も重大な過ちと回答を詳細に述べました.
- 誤りの種類,患者の結果,コミュニケーションパターンのデータを収集します.
主要な成果:
- 誤りは,診断 (33%),処方 (29%),評価 (21%),コミュニケーション (5%),および手続上の合併症 (11%) を含む.
- 90%の症例で重篤な有害な患者アウトカムが発生し,そのうち31%が死亡しました.
- 欠陥について主治医と話し合ったのは54%のみで,患者/家族に報告したのは24%でした. 責任と議論の受け入れは,建設的な実践の変化と相関しています.
結論:
- 責任を受け入れ,自分の間違いについて話し合った役員は,建設的な実践変更を実施する可能性が高くなりました.
- 仕事の過負荷は建設的な変化が少なくなり,批判的な制度的環境は防御的な変化につながった.
- 作業量を減らし,監督を強化し,誤りについてのオープンな議論を奨励する環境を育成することは,医学的な学習と将来の誤りを防止するために不可欠です.
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