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関連する概念動画

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 9, 2026

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
08:59

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

オーム族のタンパク質はスフィンゴリピドホメオスタシスを媒介する.

David K Breslow1, Sean R Collins, Bernd Bodenmiller

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.

Nature
|February 26, 2010
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,Ormタンパク質がスフィンゴリピド合成を調節することを発見した. リン酸化は,この調節を制御し,スフィンゴリピドホメオスタシスを子供の喘息リスクと関連付けます.

さらに関連する動画

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle
11:50

Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle

Published on: June 8, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
08:59

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle
11:50

Fiber Type and Subcellular-Specific Analysis of Lipid Droplet Content in Skeletal Muscle

Published on: June 8, 2022

科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • スフィンゴリピドは,重要な膜成分であり,シグナリング分子である.
  • スフィンゴリピドのレベルを細胞で調節する方法は,未だに十分に理解されていない.
  • 人間のORMDL3を含むORM遺伝子は,子供の喘息に関与しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • スフィンゴリピド代謝におけるORM遺伝子の機能を明らかにする.
  • スフィンゴリピド合成を制御する規制メカニズムを特定する.
  • スフィンゴリピドの調節不全と喘息の関連性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiaeにおける機能的ゲノムスクリーニングについて.
  • タンパク質の相互作用を特徴付けるための生化学的分析.
  • 遺伝子発現とタンパク質リン酸化の分析.

主要な成果:

  • オームタンパク質は,スフィンゴリピド合成の負の調節体として作用する.
  • Ormタンパク質は,セリンパルミトイルトランスフェラーゼと複合体を形成する.
  • オームタンパク質のリン酸化は,その抑制活性を調節する.
  • ORM遺伝子発現の変化やリン酸化部位変異はスフィンゴリピドの恒常性を破壊する.

結論:

  • オルムタンパク質は,スフィンゴリピドのホメオスタシスの重要な媒介体である.
  • スフィンゴリピド代謝の調節不良は,小児性喘息に寄与する可能性があります.
  • この研究は,スフィンゴリピド合成のための新しい調節経路を明らかにしています.