不平等に対する社会的偏好に対する神経学的証拠
Elizabeth Tricomi1, Antonio Rangel, Colin F Camerer
1Psychology Department, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
Nature
|February 26, 2010
まとめ
人間は,不平等に対する嫌悪を示す神経反応を示している. 静脈帯状体と静脈中枢前頭前皮質の脳の報酬回路は,有利な不平等と不利な不平等の両方に敏感です.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学とは
- 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
背景:
- 社会科学の理論では,経験した報酬に悪影響を及ぼす結果の不平等が,人間に嫌われることを提案しています.
- 行動的および人類学的証拠は不平等の嫌悪を裏付けるが,直接的な神経的証拠は欠けている.
- 社会的イメージや相互性などの代替的な説明は,不平等を嫌う行動を説明することができます.
研究 の 目的:
- 不平等に不利な社会的好みのニューラル証拠を直接テストする.
- 機能的磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) を使用して,金銭的不平等に対する脳の反応を調査する.
主な方法:
- 機能MRI (fMRI) は,報酬に関連する脳の領域における神経応答を測定するために使用されました.
- 参加者はペア化し,その一人は格差を生むためにより大きな金銭的寄付を受け取った.
- ニューラル活動は,参加者が自分自身と他の参加者への金銭的送金を評価する際に記録されました.
主要な成果:
- 静脈帯状体と静脈中枢前頭前皮質の活動は,参加者の賃金状態によって異なっていた.
- 高給の被験者は,自分自身よりも他者への転送に対するより大きな神経反応を示しました.
- 低賃金被験者は,自己への移転に対してより多く反応し,逆のパターンを示しました.
結論:
- この発見は,社会的好みに関する不平等対向モデルを支持する直接的なニューラルエビデンスを提供しています.
- 脳の報酬回路は,有利な不平等と不利な不平等の両方に敏感であることが実証されています.
- この研究は,経済的格差に関する社会的好みの神経基礎を明らかにしています.
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