核細胞は,タイプ2の免疫を媒介する新しい先天的エフェクター白血球を表しています
Daniel R Neill1, See Heng Wong, Agustin Bellosi
1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
Nature
|March 5, 2010
まとめ
研究者らは,寄生虫に対する2型免疫に不可欠であり,アレルギー性喘息に関与する新しい先天性免疫細胞,ヌオサイトを発見しました. これらの細胞は,感染症中のインタールイキン-13 (IL-13) の主要な源です.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 感染症 感染症とは
背景:
- 生まれつきの免疫は病原体に対する最初の防御であり,適応免疫を導く.
- インタールイウキン-4 (IL-4),IL-5およびIL-13を含むタイプ2免疫は,ヘルミントと戦うが,アレルギー性喘息を引き起こす.
- T細胞は適応免疫においてこれらのサイトカインを産生しますが,先天的な原因は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 2型免疫に関与する新しい先天性免疫細胞を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ヘルミント感染症中のインタールイキン-13 (IL-13) 産生におけるこれらの細胞の役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 細胞識別のための新しいIl13-eGFPレポーターマウスを利用しました.
- IL-25およびIL-33への反応として核細胞の膨張を調査した.
- IL-25とIL-33のシグナリング欠乏が免疫反応とワームの排出に与える影響を評価した.
- 核細胞の機能を評価するために,核細胞の養子移植を行いました.
主要な成果:
- ヌオサイトと呼ばれる新しい先天性免疫細胞を特定し,特徴づけました.
- 核細胞は,IL-25およびIL-33による刺激により,体内で膨張する.
- ヌオサイトは,ニポストロンギルス・ブラジリエンシスの感染中に IL-13 の主要な初期の源です.
- IL-25/IL-33のシグナル伝達の欠如は,核細胞の膨張とワームの放出を阻害し,野生型の核細胞移転によって救出することができます.
結論:
- 核細胞は,2型免疫における重要な先天的エフェクター細胞集団である.
- これらの細胞は,ヘルミントの寄生虫に対する宿主の防御に重要な役割を果たします.
- 核細胞は,II型刺激に対する先天的な免疫反応におけるIL-13の重要な源である.
関連する概念動画
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Classification of Leukocytes
Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...


