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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

アクリレート挿入ポリメリゼーションに関する機械学的洞察

Damien Guironnet1, Lucia Caporaso, Boris Neuwald

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 9, 2010
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,新しいパラジウム複合体を用いてアクリラートの触媒性オリゴメリゼーションについて詳細に説明しています. 研究者らはメチルアクリラートとエチレンの挿入機構を調査し,ポリメリゼーション経路とエネルギーバリアに関する重要な洞察を明らかにしました.

科学分野:

  • 有機金属化学 有機金属化学
  • ポリメリゼーション触媒
  • 協調化化学について

背景:

  • PwedgeOリガンドを含むパラジウム複合体は,触媒アクリラートオリゴメリゼーションの単一成分前駆体として機能する.
  • パラジアム-アルキル結合へのアクリラート挿入のメカニズムを理解することは,ポリメリゼーションを制御するために非常に重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しいパラジウム複合体を用いて,アクリラートの触媒的オリゴメリゼーションを調査する.
  • パラジアム-メチル結合に連続したアクリラート挿入のメカニズムを解明する.
  • アクリラート挿入ポリメリゼーションおよびエチレン-アクリラート共ポリメリゼーションに含まれる中間物質のモデル化.

主な方法:

  • NMRスペクトロスコピーと単結晶X線 difraktionを含むパラジウム複合体の合成と特徴付け.
  • サブストラット結合とポリメリゼーション阻害の運動学的研究.
  • 反応経路とエネルギーバリアをモデル化するための密度関数理論 (DFT) 計算.

主要な成果:

  • Pd-Me結合にメチルアクリラートを連続して2,1回挿入することで,2つのダイアステロエーマーケラート複合体が形成された.
  • 束縛性研究は,モノマー調整がアクリラート挿入を阻害し,ポリメリゼーションを著しく遅らせることを明らかにしました.

さらに関連する動画

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
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Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

  • DFTの研究は,連続した複数のアクリラート挿入の経路とエネルギーバリアの詳細な洞察を提供しました.

    • 結論:

    • 合成されたパラジウム複合体は,アクリラート挿入ポリメリゼーションにおける中間物質の効果的なモデルである.
    • モノマー調整は,ポリメリゼーションの速度を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
    • 理論的な計算は実験的観測をサポートし,触媒過程のより深い理解を提供します.