全ゲノム再配列解析は,鶏の家畜化中に選択されている位置を明らかにしています
Carl-Johan Rubin1, Michael C Zody, Jonas Eriksson
1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
Nature
|March 12, 2010
まとめ
家禽は,ヒトの選択による遺伝的適応を示しており,ゲノム配列解析によって明らかになった. 甲状腺刺激ホルモン受容体 (TSHR) の場所にあるような重要な遺伝的変化は,肉と卵の生産における特徴に影響を与えました.
科学分野:
- 進化遺伝学の進化遺伝学について
- 動物ゲノミクス 動物ゲノミクス
- 飼い主化に関する研究.
背景:
- 家畜は,表型進化を理解するための貴重なモデルとして役立つ.
- 人間主導の選択は,動物の形態学,生理学,および行動に重大な変化をもたらしました.
- これらの変化の遺伝的基盤を特定することは,表型多様性における遺伝的多様性の役割についての洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 鶏の家畜化と専門化に関与する,選択的なスイープと変異を含む遺伝的変異を特定する.
- ブライラー鶏と層鶏との差異化のための遺伝的基礎を調査する.
- 生物医学研究のモデルとしての家禽の有用性を高める.
主な方法:
- 鶏のゲノムの大規模な並列配列化.鶏のゲノムの大規模な並列配列化.
- 8種類の家禽と赤いジャングル鳥のゲノムDNAの分析.
- シングルヌクレオチドポリモルフィズム (SNP),デレーション,選択的スウィップの識別.
主要な成果:
- 7,000,000以上のSNPと約1,300の削除の発見.
- 鶏のゲノム全体で多数の推定選択的掃描の識別.
- 甲状腺刺激ホルモン受容体 (TSHR) の位置に,代謝と繁殖に不可欠な有意な選択的な掃描が,すべての家禽で発見されました.
- ブライラーの選択的掃描は,成長,食欲,代謝に関連する遺伝子と関連していました.
結論:
- 鶏の家畜化と専門化には,特にTSHRの場所において,重要な遺伝的選択が伴いました.
- 成長と代謝特性の選択は, brojler chickens で明らかである.
- 機能喪失による突然変異は小さな役割を果たしたが,機能的に重要な2つのコードの削除が特定された.
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