蛇による赤外線検出の分子基礎
Elena O Gracheva1, Nicholas T Ingolia, Yvonne M Kelly
1Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA.
Nature
|March 16, 2010
まとめ
蛇は,熱に非常に敏感な受容体として機能する穴の臓器のTRPA1チャンネルを使用して赤外線を検出します. この発見は,光化学的プロセスとは異なる,ヘビの熱感知のための新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 感覚生物学 感覚生物学とは
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 蛇は赤外線を検出するユニークな穴の器官を有しており,これは狩猟や捕食者を避けるために不可欠です.
- ピット・オルガンが赤外線信号を神経衝動に変換する正確なメカニズムは,ほとんど不明のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- ヘビの穴の臓器における赤外線検出を担う分子受容体を特定する.
- 蛇の赤外線刺激の伝導経路を解明する.
主な方法:
- ピット・オルガンを内包する感覚神経繊維の無偏転写プロファイリング.
- 特定されたイオンチャネル,特にTRPA1オーソローグの機能的特徴.
主要な成果:
- TRPA1チャネルは,ピット・オルガンの感覚神経繊維の主要な赤外線受容体として特定されました.
- 蛇のTRPA1チャネルは,極端な熱感性を発揮し,脊椎動物の熱センサーとして機能します.
- 蛇の赤外線検出は,光化学的メカニズムではなく,穴の器官の放射性加熱に依存しています.
結論:
- TRPA1チャネルは,ヘビの赤外線センサーにおける重要な分子プレーヤーである.
- この研究は,脊椎動物における赤外線検出のための非光化学的メカニズムを明らかにしています.
- この発見は,熱センサーとしての一時受容体ポテンシャル (TRP) チャンネルの進化的適応性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
01:43Thermosensation
32.8K
Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
32.8K
01:09Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview
3.5K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
3.5K
01:19IR Spectrum
1.6K
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
1.6K
00:55IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds
792
When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
792
01:24IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview
3.6K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
3.6K
01:03IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region
1.4K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
1.4K