ゲノム全体のSNPとハプロタイプ分析は,犬の飼い主の基礎となる豊かな歴史を明らかにしています

Bridgett M Vonholdt¹, John P Pollinger, Kirk E Lohmueller

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

Nature

|March 19, 2010

まとめ

中東のグレーオオカミは,東アジアのオオカミではなく,犬種の遺伝的多様性の主要な源泉です. 犬の種の進化には,交配と反復的なプロセスが関与し,多様な現象型を生み出しました.

科学分野:

ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
進化生物学の進化生物学について
動物遺伝学動物遺伝学

背景:

ドメスティケーションは,急速な現象型進化を促す.
犬の多様性を理解するには,オオカミの祖先に関する遺伝的洞察が必要です.

研究の目的:

犬の品種の遺伝的起源を調査する.
犬における遺伝的多様性の主要な源を特定する.
犬の品種における遺伝的構成とフェノタイプの特徴の関係を探求する.

主な方法:

ゲノム全体で4万8000以上の単一ヌクレオチドポリモルフィズム (SNP) を調査した.
犬の品種と灰色の狼の集団 (中東と東アジア) の比較分析.
遺伝的祖先を追跡するためのハプロタイプ分析.

主要な成果:

犬の品種は,中東の灰色の狼と共有するユニークなハプロタイプの割合が高くなります.
遺伝データは,東アジアのオオカミが主な源であることを示唆する以前の理論と矛盾しています.
遺伝的グループとフェノタイプ/機能的品種群の間の強い相関関係が観察され,交配を示唆する例外がある.

結論:

中東のオオカミは,初期の犬のゲノム多様性の重要な源でした.
初期の犬の多様化には,地元のオオカミ集団との交配が含まれていました.
現代の品種進化は,広範な現象的多様性のために限られた遺伝子プールを利用する繰り返しプロセスです.

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