ヒトの遺伝性個体特異性およびアレル特異性クロマチンのシグネチャー
Ryan McDaniell1, Bum-Kyu Lee, Lingyun Song
1Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
まとめ
クロマチンの構造と転写因子の結合における遺伝的差異は,遺伝的変異の影響を受け,ヒトの現象型変異に寄与する. これらの変異は一般的であり,親から子へと受け継がれます.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- ヒューマン・ジェネティクス ヒューマン・ジェネティックス
背景:
- 人間のフェノタイプの変化の源を理解することは極めて重要です.
- この変異におけるクロマチンの構造と転写因子の結合の役割は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- クロマチンの構造と転写因子の結合における個人対個人およびアレル特異的な変化を調査する.
- これらの変異が遺伝的であり,現象型差異に寄与するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 多種多様な個体からのリンフォブラストイド細胞におけるクロマチンの構造と転写因子の結合をカタログ化.
- 集団レベルとアレル固有の差異の両方を分析する.
- 特定された変異の遺伝性を親子伝染で評価する.
主要な成果:
- 活性クロマチンの部位の約10%は,個人に特異的な変化を示した.
- 同じような割合の部位は,アレル特異の変異を示した.
- 個別的サイトとアレル固有のサイトの両方が親から子孫に頻繁に伝播され,遺伝性を示しています.
結論:
- クロマチンの状態と転写因子結合の遺伝的変異は,ヒトゲノムに存在する.
- 遺伝的多様性がこれらの表遺伝的差異を誘発する.
- これらの遺伝性表遺伝子変異は,ヒトの表型多様性に寄与する可能性がある.
関連する概念動画
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...


