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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

09:44
Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Published on: January 25, 2016
突然の感覚神経性聴力障害は,
Benjamin E Schreiber1, Charlotte Agrup, Dorian O Haskard
1Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 6, 2010
まとめ
突然の感覚神経性聴覚障害 (SSNHL) は,しばしばイディオパシーであるが,緊急の評価が必要である. 回復は一般的ですが,有効性が証明されていないにもかかわらず,高用量のコルチコステロイドが推奨され,さらなる臨床試験が必要になります.
科学分野:
- 耳鼻喉科 (Otorhinolaryngology) は,耳鼻喉科 (Otorhinolaryngology) を専門とする医療機関である.
- 神経学 神経学とは
- 内科内科は,内科の内科である.
背景:
- 突然の感覚神経性聴覚障害 (SSNHL) は,典型的には一方的であり, tinnitus と vertigo が伴う可能性があります.
- SSNHLの病因はほとんど不明であり,感染,血管疾患,免疫系の機能不全を含む原因が提案されています.
- 血管事件や悪性腫瘍などの深刻な状態を排除するために,緊急の医療評価が不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 突然の感覚神経性聴力障害に関する現在の理解をレビューする.
- SSNHLの診断上の考慮事項と管理戦略について議論する.
- さらなる研究と臨床試験の必要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 突然の感覚神経性聴力障害に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- 疑われるSSNHLの臨床検査プロトコル.
- 一般的に採用されている治療方法の分析.
主要な成果:
- 患者の約50%が2週間以内に自発的な回復を経験します.
- コルチコステロイド,抗ウイルス薬,酸素療法など,様々な治療法が利用されています.
- 単独の治療法では,決定的な有効性が示されていない.
結論:
- 高用量の経口用コルチコステロイドは,有効性が証明されていないにもかかわらず,短期間の服用が推奨されています.
- SSNHLの病原性に関するさらなる研究は不可欠です.
- 証拠に基づいた管理ガイドラインは,より堅実な臨床試験の開発を要求します.
関連する概念動画
Hearing
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Unrenewable Cells
In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...
Sensation
Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
Auditory Pathway
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hair Cells
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

