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炭水化物の活性酵素を海洋細菌から日本の腸内微生物群に転送する
Jan-Hendrik Hehemann1, Gaëlle Correc, Tristan Barbeyron
1Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Nature
|April 9, 2010
まとめ
人間の腸内細菌は,海藻の摂取を通じて,海洋細菌から新しい炭水化物活性酵素 (CAZymes) を獲得します. これは,腸内微生物群のCAZymesの多様性,特に海藻の摂取量が多い集団の多様性を説明します.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- 腸内微生物には,炭水化物の活性酵素 (CAZymes) が含まれており,ヒトゲノムに存在しない食中のポリサッカリドからエネルギーを抽出するのに不可欠です.
- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicronのような腸内微生物のCAZymesの多様性は広範囲で,植物由来ポリサッカライドの分解を可能にします.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の腸内細菌におけるCAZyme多様性の起源と進化を調査する.
- 海洋バクテリアからの新しいポルフィラナースの特徴を特定し,ヒトの腸内微生物への移植を追跡する.
主な方法:
- Zobellia galactanivoransからポルフィラナースを分離し,特徴づけました.
- 海産のCAZyme遺伝子の存在について,Bacteroides plebeiusのゲノム解析.
- 日本と北米の人口の比較腸内メタゲノム分析.
主要な成果:
- 赤い藻類のポルフィランに活性化している海洋バクテロイドス (Zobellia galactanivorans) の最初のポルフィラーナーゼを特定しました.
- 日本人の個体において,ポルフィラナーゼとアガラーゼの遺伝子を腸内細菌のBacteroides plebeiusに転送することを実証した.
- ポルフィラナーゼとアガラーゼが日本の腸内メタゲノムに多く存在し,北米のサンプルには存在しないことが判明しました.
結論:
- 海洋細菌は,ヒトの腸内細菌に移植できる新しいCAZymes (ポルフィラーナーゼ,アガラーゼ) を所有しています.
- ノリのような藻類の摂取は,腸内微生物によるこれらの海洋CAZymesの獲得を促進します.
- 非滅菌食品,特に海藻の消費は,ヒトの腸内微生物群におけるCAZymeの多様性を推進する重要な要因です.
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