アウストラロピテコス・セディバ (Australopithecus sediba):南アフリカから発見されたホモ類のアウストラロピスの新種
Lee R Berger1, Darryl J de Ruiter, Steven E Churchill
1Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. profleeberger@yahoo.com
まとめ
南アフリカで発見された新しいオーストラロピテコス (Australopithecus) 種は,約1億9500万~1億7800万年前のもので,オーストラロピテコスと初期のホモ (Homo) を結びつける重要な特徴を示し,ヒトの祖先を明らかにする可能性がある.
科学分野:
- 古人類学は,古人類学である.
- 人間の進化 人類の進化
- アフリカの古生物学.
背景:
- アウストラロピテコスとホモの間の進化的関連は,古人類学における重要な問題である.
- アフリカのプレオ・プレイストセンのホミニンの化石記録は,初期の人類の起源の決定的な,しかし不完全な証拠を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- マラパ遺跡の化石発見に基づいた新しいホミニン種を記述するために.
- オーストラリアロピテコス属内のこの新しい種の系統的位置と,初期のホモとの関係を調査する.
主な方法:
- クラニオデンタル残骸と関連した2つの部分的なホミニン骨格の発掘と分析.
- 他のオストラロピテクスの種や初期のホモとクロニオデンタルおよびクロニオ後部の特徴の比較分析.
主要な成果:
- 新種のオストラロピテカスの2つの部分骨格が発見され,その年代は1億9500万~1億7800万年前とされています.
- 新しい種は,原始的および派生的な特徴のモザイクを展示し,初期のホモと共有する重要な派生的な特徴を持っています.
- 系統遺伝学的な分析は,Australopithecus africanus.から潜在的に降ってきたことを示唆している.
結論:
- この新しい種は,人間の進化における重要な移行形態を表しています.
- これは,アウストラロピテコスとホモ属の出現との関連に強力な証拠を提供します.
- この種に関するさらなる研究は,ホモの起源を明らかにします.
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