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恒星から2つの屈折光束幅で分離された系外惑星の画像
E Serabyn1, D Mawet, R Burruss
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA. gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov
Nature
|April 16, 2010
まとめ
科学者たちは新しい渦状コロナグラフを使用して,恒星HR 8799.9の周りの3つの系外惑星を検出しました. この高度なコロナグラフィー技術により,宿主星に近い惑星の画像がより明確になります.
科学分野:
- 天文学と天体物理学について
- エクソプラネット検出装置
- 高コントラストイメージング
背景:
- 高コントラスト画像を用いた系外惑星の検出は,散乱した星光によって制限され,観測はホスト星から大きな角度分離に制限されます.
- 現在の技術では,大きな望遠鏡が必要であり,屈折限界 (10λ/D) によって制約されており,小さな角度での惑星の検出を妨げています.
- 星の光と騒音の減少は,恒星の近くにある淡い惑星のイメージングに不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 外惑星の検出のための縮小角高コントラストコロナグラフィの有効性を実証する.
- 小径望遠鏡で渦巻きコロナグラフシステムをテストし,小角距離の惑星の画像を撮影する.
- 将来の系外惑星発見ミッションにおけるこの技術の可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 小規模で,よく修正された望遠鏡のサブアプチュア (1.5 m) の後ろに渦状冠図器の設置.
- コロナグラフを用いて,星光散射とそれに関連するノイズを小さな角差で減らす.
- 星 HR 8799.9 の周りの惑星を検出するために微分画像技術を使用しています.
主要な成果:
- 恒星HR 8799.9を周回する3つの既知の系外惑星の検出に成功しました.
- 恒星から2λ/Dほどの角分離で惑星の画像撮影を達成した.
- システムの騒音レベルは,理論的な光子騒音制限値の2分の1の範囲内でした.
結論:
- 狭い開口で,正しく修正された冠図鑑システムは,小角分離で系外惑星を検出するのに有効です.
- この技術は,より大きな地上望遠鏡を使用して,宿主星に近い系外惑星の発見を可能にすることができます.
- この発見は,弱々しい地上の惑星を画像化するために,縮小型の宇宙望遠鏡の可能性を示唆しています.
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