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ヴォルボックスにおける拡張性決定部位の進化
Patrick Ferris1, Bradley J S C Olson, Peter L De Hoff
1The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
まとめ
二形性の性別の起源は不明である. Volvox carteriでは,交尾場所 (MT) は有意な分岐と性特異的な遺伝子調節を示しており,性繁殖の進化におけるその役割を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
背景:
- ダイモルフな性別は多細胞性ユーカリオットに共通しているが,その進化的起源はよくわかっていない.
- 交尾部 (MT) は性繁殖とゲメトの産生を制御する.
- 多細胞藻であるVolvox carteriは,その単細胞の親戚であるChlamydomonas reinhardtiiとは異なり,二形性の性別を示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 二形性の性別の進化的起源を調査する.
- Volvox carteri と Chlamydomonas reinhardtii の間の交配場所 (MT) の遺伝子および規制上の違いを分析する.
- 性を決定する位置が,性に関係する遺伝子と性に関係しない遺伝子の進化にどのように影響するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- Volvox carteri と Chlamydomonas reinhardtii の比較トランスクリプトーム解析について
- 性別特異的および性調節されたトランスクリプトの識別.
- 代替のスプライシングと選択圧力を含む遺伝子調節の分析.
主要な成果:
- Volvox carteri MTは,クラミドモナスの再硬化と比較して,著しく拡大し,分岐しています.
- Volvox MT遺伝子において,再配線されたゲーメティック遺伝子発現プログラムが観察されました.
- 多数の性別特異性および性調節性トランスクリプトが特定されました.
- MAT3遺伝子は,網膜芽細胞腫の腫瘍抑制ホルモンの同型であり,性的に調節された代替スプライシングと性別特有の選択を示しています.
結論:
- 性を決定する位置は,性に関係する遺伝子と性に関係しない遺伝子の両方の進化において重要な役割を果たします.
- Volvox carteriのMTにおける観察された遺伝的および規制的変化は,性二形態の進化についての洞察を提供します.
- MAT3のような遺伝子の性サイクルへの併用は,性決定の進化を牽引するメカニズムである.
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