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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
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Published on: August 15, 2019

ゲノタイプからフェノタイプへ:複雑な問題

Robin D Dowell1, Owen Ryan, An Jansen

  • 1Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 24, 2010
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

2つの酵母菌株を比較すると,条件付きエッセンシャル遺伝子が明らかになり,遺伝的背景と複雑な相互作用がヒトの変異に似た特性にどのように影響するか浮き彫りにしました.

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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

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A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

科学分野:

  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
  • イースト遺伝学 イースト遺伝学
  • 比較ゲノミクスとは

背景:

  • サッカロミセス・セレヴィセア菌株のシグマ1278bとS288cは,ヒトの遺伝的多様性と同様の有意な遺伝的多様性を表しています.
  • 菌株特異的な遺伝子の本質性を理解することは,表型差異の解読に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • シグマ1278b酵母菌株の高解像度ゲノム配列を生成する.
  • ゲノム全体の削除分析を通じて,一つの株に不可欠な遺伝子を特定し,他の株には欠かせない.
  • 条件付き遺伝子エッセンシャル性の遺伝的基礎を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 高解像度のサッカロマイセス・セレヴィセアシグマ1278b.の全ゲノム配列解析
  • シグマ1278b.における5100個の単一遺伝子削除変異体のライブラリの構築とフェノタイプ分析.
  • シグマ1278bとS288c.の間のデレーション変異フェノタイプのゲノム全体の比較分析.

主要な成果:

  • シグマ1278bとS288cは,基数1キロあたり平均3.2個の単核性多形態によって異なる.
  • シグマ1278bに特有の44のエッセンシャル遺伝子と,S288cに特有の13のエッセンシャル遺伝子を特定した.
  • 菌株特異的本質性は,複数の背景特異的変異因子を含む複雑な遺伝子相互作用にしばしば起因する.

結論:

  • 個体間のフェノタイプ的多様性は,密接に関係する個体であっても,複雑な遺伝的相互作用と背景特有の変形因子から生じる可能性があります.
  • この研究は,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeの研究のための貴重なゲノムリソースを提供します.
  • この発見は,遺伝子の機能と本質性を決定する際の遺伝的背景の重要性を強調しています.