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最近の北極の気温増幅における海氷の減少の中心的な役割
1School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. screenj@unimelb.edu.au
Nature
|April 30, 2010
まとめ
北極の急速な温暖化は,主に海氷の覆いの減少によって引き起こされています. このフィードバックループは,将来の急速な温暖化と海氷の減少の可能性を高めます.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- アークティック・リサーチ・アークティック研究
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 北極圏の地表近くの気温は,世界の平均よりほぼ2倍速く上昇しています.
- 温室効果ガスの濃度が地球温暖化と北極温暖化を引き起こしていますが,北極の増幅の具体的な原因については議論されています.
- 北極の増幅を理解することは,北極の将来の変化とその影響を予測するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 最近の北極の増幅の主な要因を調査する.
- 海氷,雲,水蒸気などの様々な要因が北極の温暖化に与える影響を区分する.
主な方法:
- 表面温度トレンドの分析.
- 温暖化と海氷の覆い,雲の覆い,水蒸気の変化との相関の評価.
- 北極の温暖化に寄与するフィードバックメカニズムの評価.
主要な成果:
- 北極の温暖化は,地表で最も顕著であり,海氷の覆いの減少と強く相関しています.
- 雲の覆いの変化は,近年の北極の温暖化に大きく貢献していない.
- 減少した海氷に関連した水蒸気の増加は,夏と初秋の間に下層大気圏の温暖化を高める可能性があります.
結論:
- 海氷の覆いの減少は,近年の北極圏の気温増幅に主要な役割を果たしています.
- 氷の温度に関する新興のポジティブなフィードバックは,将来の急速な温暖化と海氷の減少の可能性が高くなることを示唆しています.
- これらの変化は,北極の生態系,氷床の質量バランス,そして人間の活動に影響を及ぼす可能性が高い.
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