脱走者の協調的な処罰は協力関係を維持し,稀な場合には増殖することがあります
Robert Boyd1, Herbert Gintis, Samuel Bowles
1Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA. rboyd@anthro.ucla.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 2010
まとめ
グループメンバーがフリーライダーを一緒に罰する調整された罰は,進化し,全体のグループ報酬を増やすことができます. これは,協調されていない罰とは対照的であり,多くの場合,費用がかかりすぎて,協力が生まれないか,協力のために有益である.
科学分野:
- 進化的ゲーム理論とは
- 社会的行動 社会的行動
- 人間協力 人間協力.
背景:
- 協力は不可欠ですが,フリーライダーによって失敗することがあります.
- 現存するモデルでは,高価な刑罰の進化を説明するのに苦労しています.
- 調整されていない罰は,想定よりも効果が低く,コストが高くなる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 人類の祖先の条件下で,調整された刑罰の進化をモデル化するために.
- グループサイズによって処罰コストの減少が協力にどのように影響するか調査する.
- 調整された罰がグループ平均の報酬を高めることができるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 協調的な刑罰の数学モデルを開発した.
- モデルを祖先のグループサイズと条件に合わせた.
- めったにない時における刑罰の拡大の条件を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 調整された罰は,稀な場合でも増える可能性があります.
- フリーライダーを罰するコストは,参加者が増えるにつれて減少します.
- 調整された罰は,グループ平均の報酬の増加につながります.
結論:
- 調整された罰は,罰の出現のための実行可能な進化の経路を提供します.
- このモデルは,刑罰のコストと有効性に関する以前のモデルとの問題を解決します.
- 調整された処罰は,協調されていないアプローチとは異なり,協力性と集団の利益を高めます.
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