パーソナルゲノムを組み込む臨床評価
Euan A Ashley1, Atul J Butte, Matthew T Wheeler
1Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. euan@stanford.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|May 4, 2010
まとめ
臨床での全ゲノム配列解析により,心筋梗塞,糖尿病,がんの重大な遺伝的リスクが特定されました. 急性心臓死と薬物反応に関連した珍しい変種も発見され,臨床的有用性を実証しました.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- クリニカル・メディシン 臨床医学
- パーソナライズド医療
背景:
- 全ゲノム配列決定のコストは減少しているが,遺伝的リスク評価のための臨床応用は完全に確立されていない.
- 臨床的な文脈での完全なヒトゲノムの統合分析は,遺伝的傾向を理解するために重要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 臨床的枠組みの中で患者の全ゲノムを統合分析する.
- 冠動脈疾患の遺伝的リスクを評価し,突然の心臓死の原因を検診し,遺伝的カウンセリングを提供する.
- 全ゲノムデータを臨床リスク因子と統合するための新しい方法を開発する.
主な方法:
- 完全なゲノム配列決定と単一の核酸多形態と複製数変異の分析.
- 冠動脈疾患のリスク予測と,突然の心臓死に関連した遺伝子のスクリーニング.
- 遺伝データと臨床情報の統合,家族歴や薬剤遺伝学データベースを含む.
- 遺伝子環境相互作用を考慮して,検査後の疾患の確率の推定.
主要な成果:
- 心筋梗塞,2型糖尿病,および特定の癌の遺伝的リスクの増加を特定しました.
- TMEM43,DSP,MYBPC3の稀な変異が発見され,突然の心臓発作による死亡と関連している.
- 冠動脈疾患の家族歴と一致するLPAの変種が検出されました.
- クロピドグレルへの反応,脂質低下療法,およびワーファリン投与に影響を与える,特定された薬剤遺伝学的な変異体.
結論:
- 全ゲノムシーケンシングは,個々の患者のケアに臨床的に関連する情報を提供します.
- 不確実な重要性を持つ変異の課題にもかかわらず,このアプローチは重要な臨床的有用性を示しています.
- ゲノムデータを臨床実務にさらに統合することは正当である.
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