2008年の世界,地域,および国の幼児死亡の原因:体系的な分析
Robert E Black1, Simon Cousens, Hope L Johnson
1Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. rblack@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|May 15, 2010
まとめ
肺炎や下痢などの感染症は,2008年に5歳未満の子供の死亡の主な原因でした. 妊産婦,新生児,子供の健康への介入は,幼児死亡率を低減するために極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 世界的な子どもの健康
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
背景:
- 幼児死亡の原因に関する正確なデータは,世界の子供の生存イニシアチブにとって不可欠です.
- この研究では,5歳未満の子供の主要な死因に関する2008年の最新推定値が提示されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 2008年における幼児死亡の原因に関する最新の世界的な見積もりを提供すること.
- 世界的に子供の生存率を改善するために,ターゲット化された介入とリソースの割り当てを伝えるために.
主な方法:
- 新生児 (0~27日) と小児 (1~59ヶ月) の多因比死亡モデルを使用した.
- 統合された単一原因疾患モデルと,入手可能な場合,重要な登録データ.
- 193カ国の推定死亡原因,死因による死亡数をグローバル,地域,国内で計算する.
主要な成果:
- 2008年には,世界中で5歳未満の子供の死亡が87億9500万件と推定されています.
- 感染症による死亡率は68%で,主に肺炎 (18%),下痢 (15%),マラリア (8%) が原因となっている.
- 新生児死亡 (41%) は,主に早産合併症 (12%),出生窒息 (9%) およびセプシス (6%) によるものでした.
結論:
- 国別推計は,国家プログラムとドナー援助を集中するために不可欠です.
- ミレニアム開発目標4を達成するには,母親,新生児,子供の健康への介入を通じて,高い死亡率に対処する必要があります.
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