視覚皮質の潜在能力は,体感覚皮質に特有の機能単位の配列を開発する
1Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 14, 1991
まとめ
新皮質の発達は,可塑性を示しています. 移植された胚の視覚皮質は,体感覚の"バレル"を発達させ,脳領域の間の類似した分化潜在性を示した.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
- 神経解剖学についてです.
背景:
- 視覚皮質や体感覚皮質のような哺乳類の新皮質の特殊な領域は,ユニークな建築的,機能的な特徴によって定義されています.
- これらの独特な特徴が既定か,表遺伝子相互作用によって影響されているかを理解することは,新皮質の発達を理解するために極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ある領域の特徴が別の領域に現れるかどうかを調べることによって,新皮質領域の発達可能性を調査する.
- 特定の新皮質領域の特徴が,どの程度,事前に指定されているか,または表遺伝学的に決定されているかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ネズミの新生児の体感皮質に,胚の末期視野皮質を移植する.
- 移植された組織の組織学および分子分析により",バレル"および関連するグリココンジュゲート境界を特定します.
主要な成果:
- 移植された視覚皮質は"バレル"とその特徴的なグリココンジュゲート境界線を成功裏に開発しました.
- これらの構造は組織化された配列を形成し,ネイティブの体感覚皮質のバレルフィールドで観察されたパターンを模倣した.
結論:
- 発達する新皮質領域は,異なる皮質領域の特徴的な特徴を区別するための類似の潜在潜在能力を有する.
- エピジェネティック要因と局所環境は,厳格な遺伝的予備決定のみではなく,新皮質の機能的組織を形成する上で重要な役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
01:24Vision
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
01:33Somatosensation
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
01:11Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System
The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
01:23Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...