関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 12, 2026

09:42
Generating Transgenics and Knockouts in Strongyloides Species by Microinjection
Published on: October 7, 2021
寄生植物ストリガ・ヘルモンティカカによる水平遺伝子転送
Satoko Yoshida1, Shinichiro Maruyama, Hisayoshi Nozaki
1RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
まとめ
寄生植物と宿主との間の水平遺伝子転送 (HGT) が確認されています. 寄生虫の雑草であるストリガ・ヘルモンティカ (Striga hermonthica) で,単種作物の核遺伝子が発見され,自然界におけるHGTの経験的証拠が提供されました.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- 水平遺伝子転送 (HGT) は,遺伝物質の交換のためのメカニズムです.
- 農作物と寄生植物との違いが仮定されているが,経験的証拠は乏しい.
- ストリガ・ヘルモンティカ (Striga hermonthica) は,アフリカの多くの草種に影響を与える重要な寄生虫雑草です.
研究 の 目的:
- 寄生植物と宿主との間のHGTの経験的証拠を提供するために.
- モノコット作物から寄生虫エウディコットに核遺伝子の移転を調査する.
- 異種遺伝子の統合の証拠を求めて,Striga hermonthicaの遺伝子組成を分析する.
主な方法:
- Striga hermonthica.の発現した配列タグ (EST) 分析
- 特定された遺伝子の系統遺伝分析.
- 植物種 (モノコットとユーディコット) の間の遺伝子保存の比較.
主要な成果:
- モノコットに保存されているが,他のエウディコットには存在しない核遺伝子は,Striga hermonthica.で特定されました.
- 系統遺伝学的分析によると,この遺伝子は,S. hermonthica.の既知の宿主であるサーゴムの遺伝子とクラスター化している.
- これは,天然のHGTイベントの強力な証拠を提供します.
結論:
- 核遺伝子は,寄生虫の雑草によって,その単細胞宿主から自然に捕らえられる.
- この研究は,寄生植物における核遺伝子を含むHGTの最初の経験的証拠を提示しています.
- この発見は,植物の進化を理解し,新しい作物保護戦略を開発する上で意味を持つ.
関連する概念動画
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Transgenic Plants
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

