環境的文脈は,海洋捕食者のレヴィとブラウンの運動パターンを説明する
Nicolas E Humphries1, Nuno Queiroz, Jennifer R M Dyer
1Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
Nature
|June 10, 2010
まとめ
捕食魚は,稀な水域でレヴィフライトで餌を探し,豊富な地域ではブラウンの動きに切り替え,自然界で最適な検索戦略をサポートします. この研究は,動物の餌探し行動を明確にします.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
- 理論生物学理論生物学について
背景:
- 最適な検索理論は,希少な獲物のためのレヴィの飛行と,豊富な獲物のためのブラウンの移動を予測します.
- 野生動物におけるレヴィの飛行餌探しに関する経験的証拠は,統計的方法の限界のために論争の的である.
- 以前の研究は,移動パターンが資源分配予測と一致するかどうかをテストしていなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋捕食者の動きの大規模なデータセットを使用して,レヴィフライトの餌探し仮説をテストする.
- 移動パターンが環境のグラデーションと獲物の利用可能性と相関するかどうかを調査する.
- 捕食者が異なる生息地でレヴィとブラウンの移動戦略を切り替えているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 運動パターンを分析するために最大確率の方法を使用した.
- オープンオーシャン捕食魚の14種を含む,利用可能な最大の動物移動データセットを調査しました.
- 環境のグラデーションと生息地の生産性と相関する移動パターン.
主要な成果:
- 14種の捕食魚で,レヴィの検索パターンに強い支持が見出されました.
- 観察された個々の捕食者は,異なる生息地タイプでレヴィとブラウンの移動戦略の間で切り替わっている.
- 生産性の低い水域 (稀な獲物) にレヴィの行動と,生産性の高い生息地 (豊富な獲物) にブラウンの動きを結びました.
結論:
- 結果は,レヴィの飛行採食仮説と一致し,その予測を検証しています.
- 海洋捕食動物が餌を獲るために最適なレヴィパターンを自然に採用することを示した.
- 捕食者の移動戦略は,捕食者の分布に基づいて適応し,文脈に依存しています.
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