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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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脳機能とクロマチンの可塑性

Catherine Dulac1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. dulac@fas.harvard.edu

Nature
|June 11, 2010
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

エピジェネティック・コントロールは,神経細胞にとって極めて重要な,永続的な遺伝子発現変化を提供します. これらの持続的なクロマチンの改変を理解することは,脳の機能と疾患の研究に役立ちます.

さらに関連する動画

Chromatin Extraction from Frozen Chimeric Liver Tissue for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Analysis
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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
  • クロマチン生物学 クロマチン生物学

背景:

  • エピジェネティックメカニズムは,初期刺激を超えて,安定した遺伝子発現変化を提供します.
  • 転移後のニューロンは,活動と接続性に対する変化する影響に適応するために,安定した規制プロセスを必要とします.
  • 持続的なクロマチンの構造の変化は,表遺伝的遺伝に関連しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 転移後のニューロンにおける表遺伝子制御の重要性を探求する.
  • エピジェネティックメカニズムが長期にわたるニューロンの変化にどのように寄与するかを調査する.
  • ニューロンの調節を理解するためにクロマチンの生物学における進歩を活用する.

主な方法:

  • 神経系におけるエピジェネティック制御メカニズムを研究する.
  • クロマチン構造の持続的な変化を分析する.
  • 染色体生物学研究の最近の進歩を利用して.

主要な成果:

  • エピジェネティック・コントロールは,神経細胞における遺伝子発現に安定した,長期的な効果を提供します.
  • 染色体構造の修正は,持続的なニューロン変化の鍵です.
  • これらのメカニズムは,神経細胞の活動と接続性にとって不可欠です.

結論:

  • エピジェネティック・レギュレーションは,ニューロン機能と適応性の維持に不可欠です.
  • これらのプロセスを理解することは,脳の機能,行動,神経疾患に重大な影響を及ぼします.
  • クロマチンの生物学に関するさらなる研究は,神経細胞の規制メカニズムを明らかにします.