DNAポリメラーゼエタによる皮膚がん抑制の構造的基礎
Timothy D Silverstein1, Robert E Johnson, Rinku Jain
1Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Nature
|June 26, 2010
まとめ
DNAポリメラーゼエタ (Poleta) は,オープンな活性部位にチミンジマーを配置することで,紫外線で損傷したDNAを正確に複製します. このメカニズムは突然変異を防止し,皮膚がんのリスクを軽減します.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 構造生物学 構造生物学とは
背景:
- DNAポリメラーゼエタ (Poleta) は,特に紫外線が誘発した病変によって,エラーのないDNA複製に不可欠です.
- Poletaの欠陥により,皮膚がんのリスクが増加するXeroderma pigmentosum変種 (XPV) が発生する.
研究 の 目的:
- ポレタが紫外線で損傷したDNAを介して複製する能力の構造的および機械的基礎を解明する.
- ポーレタの活性部位がチミン二次体に対応し,バイパスする方法を理解するために.
主な方法:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae PoletaのX線結晶図は,DNA (損傷したものと未損傷した) の三元複合体である.
- ポリメラーゼ活性を評価するための生化学的測定法.
- 機能的な役割を確認するための遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- 結晶構造は,他のポリメラーゼと異なるPoletaのオープンアクティブサイト裂け目を明らかにします.
- この構造は,チミン-チミンジメルが,この開いた裂け目の中にどのように配置されているかを示しています.
- 特定のアミノ酸の相互作用 (Gln55,Arg73,Met74) は,活性部位のダイマーを安定させます.
結論:
- Poletaのユニークな活性部位構造は,UV誘発チミンダイマーを通して効率的かつ正確な複製を可能にします.
- このメカニズムは,紫外線が誘発する突然変異と発がんの予防に不可欠です.
- Poletaの機能を理解することは,DNA修復と皮膚がん予防の洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Nucleotide Excision Repair
Overview
Base Excision Repair
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
The first step of...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Mutations
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Base Excision Repair
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
The first step of...
Nucleotide Excision Repair
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...


