サブカプスラーシヌスマクロファージは,ニューロトロプウイルスによる周辺感染に対する中枢神経系の侵入を防ぎます
Matteo Iannacone1, E Ashley Moseman, Elena Tonti
1Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Matteo_Iannacone@hms.harvard.edu
Nature
|June 26, 2010
まとめ
リンパ節にあるサブカプスラーシヌスマクロファージは,神経型ウイルスが中枢神経系に到達するのを防ぐ. これらのマクロファージの枯渇は致命的な麻痺につながり,抗ウイルス防御における重要なゲートキーパーとしての役割を強調します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- リンパ節 (LN) は,病原体の捕獲と免疫応答の開始に不可欠です.
- サブカプスラーシヌス (SCS) マクロファージは,ウイルスをクリアし,抗ウイルス性ユーモラル免疫を開始することが知られている.
- 中枢神経系 (CNS) のニューロトロピックウイルス侵入を防止するSCSマクロファージの役割は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- SCSマクロファージがリンパ系ニューロトロプウイルスの中枢神経系への侵入を防止する役割を調査する.
- SCSマクロファージが神経型ウイルス感染症に対する保護を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- ネズミのモデルで神経向性ウイルスである膀性口腔炎ウイルス (VSV) を利用した.
- LNマクロファージの局所的な枯渇を採用し,VSV神経侵入を予防する上でその必要性を評価した.
- 骨髄キマエリックマウスを用いて実験を行い,異なる細胞部位とI型インターフェロン (IFN-I) の役割を調査した.
主要な成果:
- LNマクロファージの枯渇は,外周神経経由のVSV神経侵入とマウスの約60%で致命的な上昇性麻痺を引き起こした.
- マクロファージに十分なLNsでは,VSVはSCSマクロファージ内で複製されたが,隣接する神経に感染しなかった.
- SCSマクロファージは,タイプIインターフェロン (IFN-I) の主要な源として特定され,致命的なVSV感染を予防する上で極めて重要なIFN-I産出プラズマサイトイド樹状細胞を募集した.
結論:
- SCSマクロファージは,重要なゲートキーパーとして機能し,リンパ系ニューロトロピックウイルスが中枢神経系にアクセスするのを防ぐ.
- SCSマクロファージによって介される保護には,内節神経を含む血液生成体とストロマ体両方に作用するIFN-Iシグナル伝達が不可欠です.
- これらの発見は,中枢神経系を周辺から発生するウイルス感染症から保護するSCSマクロファージの新しく重要な機能を明らかにしています.
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