オーガニック農業は,均等性や自然発生の害虫対策を促進します
David W Crowder1, Tobin D Northfield, Michael R Strand
1Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA. dcrowder@wsu.edu
Nature
|July 3, 2010
まとめ
有機農業は,自然に敵対するコミュニティの均等性を促進することによって,生態系の機能を強化します. このバランスは,優れた害虫対策とより大きな植物を導いており,平らさを乱し害虫の発生を増加させる従来の方法とは異なり,害虫の発生を増加させます.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
- 農業科学 農業科学とは
背景:
- 人間の活動により,種の豊かさと均一性が変化することで,生態系が劣化しています.
- 保護は,その生態学的重要性にもかかわらず,しばしば均等性よりも種の豊かさを優先します.
- 農業の慣行は,天然の敵のコミュニティを混乱させ,害虫の発生につながる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 農業環境における生態系機能に対する種均一性の影響を調査する.
- 有機農業の慣行が,自然敵の間の均等性を促進するかどうかを判断する.
- 均等な対不均等な自然敵のコミュニティの害虫対策の有効性を比較するために.
主な方法:
- フィールドエンクロージャは,捕食者と病原体の生物学的制御剤の均等性を操作するために使用されました.
- 害虫密度と植物バイオマスは,異なる均等性シナリオで測定されました.
- オーガニック農業と従来の農業に特有の地域社会を比較した.
主要な成果:
- オーガニック農場の特徴である自然敵のコミュニティでさえ,優れた害虫対策と植物バイオマスの増加をもたらしました.
- 従来の管理に特徴的な,均一性の障害は,高害虫密度と植物バイオマス減少をもたらしました.
- 均一性のポジティブな効果は,支配的な種とは無関係であり,敵集団間の互補的な相互作用を示した.
結論:
- 富だけでなく,種の均等性を回復することは,生態系機能を若返らせる上で極めて重要です.
- 有機農業の実践は,自然の敵コミュニティの機能的均一性を促進することができます.
- 自然の敵のコミュニティの均一性は,効果的な生物学的害虫対策の重要な要因です.
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