脂質誘発性インスリン抵抗性:メカニズムを解明
Varman T Samuel1, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I Shulman
1Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-8012, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 9, 2010
まとめ
脂質は,肥満と2型糖尿病の重要なメカニズムである筋肉と肝臓のグルコース輸送を妨げ,インスリン感受性を損なう. これは,ダイアシルグリセロールの蓄積によって,タンパク質キナーゼCを活性化させ,インスリンシグナル伝達に影響を与えることによって起こります.
科学分野:
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- メタボリック疾患は,
- セルラー・シグナリング
背景:
- インスリン抵抗性は肥満と関連しており,初期の理論では,脂質が糖分解を阻害することを示唆している.
- 最近の研究では,骨格筋における主な原因として,インスリン刺激によるグルコース輸送の欠陥が強調されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 骨格筋と肝臓における脂質誘発性インスリン抵抗性のメカニズムを解明する.
- 様々な状態におけるインスリン抵抗性に関する統一的な仮説を提案する.
主な方法:
- 脂質代謝とインスリンシグナル伝達に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- 細胞内脂質の蓄積,特にダイアシルグリセロールの分析.
- 脂質への反応としてタンパク質キナーゼCの活性化に関する研究.
主要な成果:
- 筋肉と肝臓における脂質,特にダイアシルグリセロルの蓄積は,インスリンシグナル伝達を損なう.
- この障害は,インスリン刺激によるグルコース輸送の欠陥によるもので,グリコロシスの阻害によるものではない.
- ダイアシルグリセロールによる新しいタンパク質キナーゼCの活性化が重要な経路です.
結論:
- 細胞内ダイアシルグリセロールの蓄積と,その後のタンパク質キナーゼCの活性化が,脂質誘発性インスリン抵抗性を説明する.
- このメカニズムは,肥満,2型糖尿病,脂質消化症,老化に関連しています.
- また,チアゾリジンダイオンのインスリン感受性作用も説明できる.
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