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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
246
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

307
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
307
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
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急性肝不全症候群は,肝不全症候群である急性肝不全症候群である急性肝不全症候群である

William Bernal1, Georg Auzinger, Anil Dhawan

  • 1Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK. william.bernal@kcl.ac.uk

Lancet (London, England)
|July 20, 2010
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

急性肝不全は,深刻な状態で,開発途上国ではウイルスが原因で,欧米ではパラセタモールが原因です. 緊急肝臓移植とサポートケアにおける進歩は,患者の生存率を改善しています.

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Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
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Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
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Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
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科学分野:

  • 肝臓病理学 肝臓病理学
  • クリティカルケア・メディシン
  • 感染症 感染症は感染症です.

背景:

  • 急性肝不全 (ALF) は,高い死亡率と重大な医療費を伴う,まれだが重度の臨床症状である.
  • ALFの病因は世界的に異なっており,ウイルス性肝炎 (特にE型肝炎) は発展途上地域で優勢である.
  • 西洋諸国では,特にパラセタモールの過剰摂取による薬物誘発性肝損傷 (DILI) が現在主要な原因となっているが,多くの症例はイディオパシーであるままである.

研究 の 目的:

  • 急性肝不全に関する現在の理解について概要を述べる.
  • 世界中で変化するALFの病因的な状況について議論する.
  • 経営の進歩と成果の改善のための将来の方向性を強調する.

主な方法:

  • 急性肝不全の流行病学,原因,および管理に関する現在の文献のレビュー.
  • 異なる地理的地域におけるALFの病因学的傾向の分析.
  • 肝臓移植の役割とサポートケア戦略の議論.

主要な成果:

  • ウイルス性肝炎は,開発途上国におけるALFの主な原因であり続けているが,主にパラセタモールによって引き起こされるDILIは,工業国においてより一般的です.
  • ALF症例の有意な割合は,明確な特定可能な原因がない.
  • 緊急肝臓移植は,ALF患者の生存率を大幅に改善しました.

結論:

  • 急性肝不全の病因は地理的に多様で,進化しています.
  • サポートケアの改善と肝臓の早期移植は,ALFの管理に不可欠です.
  • 病理生理学,特に肝臓脳症に関するさらなる研究は,生存率の向上を約束しています.