カルシウムとエネルギー:ケーキを作って食べること
Douglas R Green1, Ruoning Wang
1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 92105, USA. douglas.green@stjude.org
Cell
|July 27, 2010
まとめ
ミトコンドリアカルシウムは,細胞のエネルギー生産に不可欠です. イノシトール1,4,5-トリフォスファート受容体は,このカルシウムを供給し,細胞は,この転送が失敗した場合,生存のためにオートファギーを使用します.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- ミトコンドリアの機能
- カルシウムシグナル伝達
背景:
- ミトコンドリアは細胞のエネルギー (ATP) 生産に不可欠です.
- カルシウムイオンは,ミトコンドリアの機能において重要な役割を果たします.
- エンドプラズマ網膜はカルシウムの主要な貯蔵庫です.
研究 の 目的:
- ミトコンドリアへの構成カルシウム供給源を調査する.
- ミトコンドリアカルシウム吸収におけるイノシトール1,4,5-トリフォスファート受容体の役割を明らかにする.
- ミトコンドリアカルシウムシグナル伝達障害に対する細胞の適応メカニズムを理解する.
主な方法:
- カルシウムの動態をモニタリングするために,細胞ベースのアッセイを使用しました.
- イノシトール1,4,5-トリフォスファート受容体のカルシウム転送における機能を調査した.
- カルシウムシグナル伝達が妨げられた状態で,オートファギーを含む細胞生存メカニズムを評価した.
主要な成果:
- イノシトール1,4,5-トリフォスファート受容体が構成的にミトコンドリアにカルシウムを供給することを実証した.
- このカルシウム転送の障害は,細胞がオートファギーの依存につながることを示した.
- ミトコンドリアカルシウムの重要な役割を強調し,細胞のホメオスタシスとATPの生産を維持する.
結論:
- イノシトール1,4,5-トリフォスファート受容体は,ミトコンドリアカルシウムの主要な調節体である.
- オートファギーは,ミトコンドリアカルシウム供給が損なわれるときの補償的生存メカニズムとして機能します.
- この経路を理解することは,細胞のエネルギー代謝とストレスへの適応を理解するために不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
00:52Potential Energy
37.3K
The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
37.3K
04:10What is Energy?
45.5K
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy. The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
45.5K
02:27Energy Basics
37.1K
Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
37.1K
01:09Potential Energy
1.3K
A conservative force, such as a gravitational or elastic force, gives the body the capacity to do work. This capacity, measured as the potential energy, depends on the body's location or “position” relative to a fixed reference position or datum. The gravitational potential energy is considered zero at the reference point. Suppose a body is located at some vertical distance above a fixed horizontal reference or datum. In that case, the weight of the body has positive gravitational potential...
1.3K
01:19Energy Balance
1.5K
The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
1.5K
01:18Cellular Respiration
3.1K
Cellular respiration is a crucial metabolic process through which cells obtain energy from organic substances, mainly glucose, to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process includes the oxidation of substrates and the transfer of electrons to a separate electron acceptor, facilitating ATP synthesis through a sequence of biochemical reactions.Glycolysis: The Initial StepGlycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic...
3.1K