2段階の核のルネサンスの選択肢を生成する
Robin W Grimes1, William J Nuttall
1Centre for Nuclear Engineering, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London HA9 8DT, UK. rgrimes@imperial.ac.uk
まとめ
原子力発電は,気候変動とエネルギー安全保障の懸念により,復活を遂げています. 今日の戦略的計画では,将来の発電のために持続可能な,炭素中立の原子力エネルギーを確保できます.
科学分野:
- エネルギー政策 エネルギー政策
- 原子力工学は,原子力工学である.
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 気候変動,エネルギー安全保障,化石燃料の枯渇に関する世界的な懸念は,原子力への新たな関心を誘発しています.
- 原子力発電は,いくつかの地域で拡大しているが,ヨーロッパと北米では再評価されている.
- 既存の原子力インフラストラクチャには,効率の向上とともに,寿命延長または交換が必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 原子力発電の機会と制約を,短期 (寿命延長/代替) と2030年以降 (大規模拡張) の2つの異なる時間帯で探求する.
- 原子力エネルギーの長期的な持続可能性と炭素中立性を確保するための戦略を特定する.
- 将来の原子力開発のための費用対効果の高い措置を提案する.
主な方法:
- 原子力発電の採用と技術の進歩における現在の動向の分析.
- 発電と脱炭素化における原子力エネルギーの役割に関する将来のシナリオの予測.
- 再処理を含む持続可能な燃料サイクルに関する要件の評価.
- 廃棄物管理と核拡散防止戦略の評価
主要な成果:
- 第1段階 (短期) は,既存の原子力発電所の維持と改善に焦点を当てています.
- 2030年以降の第2段階では,実質的な脱炭素化のための大規模な建設を想定しています.
- 持続可能な原子力エネルギーは,再処理を含む可能性のある高度な燃料サイクルを必要とします.
- 長期的な計画と廃棄物/核拡散抑制は極めて重要です.
結論:
- 今日実施された戦略的,費用対効果の高い措置は,将来の原子力エネルギーの選択肢を高めることができます.
- 核エネルギーは,炭素中立のエネルギー源として持続可能であるためには,慎重に計画することが不可欠です.
- 廃棄物への対処と,兵器材料の転用防止は,持続可能な原子力発電にとって極めて重要です.
関連する概念動画
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Nuclear Power
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Transmutation
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Nuclear Fission
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Nuclear Stability
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
To hold positively charged protons together in the...


