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関連する概念動画

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

157.0K
Overview
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

32.3K
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
32.3K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

8.5K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
8.5K
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

3.5K
Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
3.5K
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

15.5K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

2.4K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Combining Single-molecule Manipulation and Imaging for the Study of Protein-DNA Interactions
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Combining Single-molecule Manipulation and Imaging for the Study of Protein-DNA Interactions

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DNAのスーパーコイリングを調節するための細胞戦略:単一分子の視点

Daniel A Koster1, Aurélien Crut, Stewart Shuman

  • 1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Cell
|August 21, 2010
PubMed
まとめ

DNAプロセスに不可欠な細胞DNAのスーパーコイリングは,拡散とトポイソメラーゼ酵素によって管理されます. このレビューは,単一分子研究からの洞察を含む,スーパーコイル生成とリラックスメカニズムを詳細に述べています.

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • 細胞のDNA (デオキシリボ核酸) は,その二重ヘリキルの構造により,自然にスーパーコーリングを受けます.
  • DNAのスーパーコイリングは,転写,複製,染色体分離などの基本的な細胞プロセスに大きく影響を与えます.
  • 最適なスーパーコーリングレベルを維持することは,細胞の機能と活力にとって極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞内のDNAスーパーコイル生成のメカニズムを要約する.
  • スーパーコイルの緩解を理解するための実験的および理論的アプローチをレビューする.
  • パッシブ (拡散) とアクティブ (酵素) のスーパーコイル除去経路を区別する.

主な方法:

  • 既存の実験データと理論モデルのレビュー.
  • DNAダイナミクスを調査する単一分子研究の分析.
  • 拡散ベースのスーパーコイル消散とトポイソメラーゼ媒介の放松の比較.

主要な成果:

  • DNAスーパーコイリングは,DNA代謝に影響を与える固有の特性です.
  • スーパーコイルの放松は,受動的拡散と活性酵素プロセスによって起こります.

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Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

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Author Spotlight: Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA During DNA Repair for Therapeutic Insights

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  • トポイソメラーゼ酵素は,DNAのスーパーコイルを積極的に除去する上で重要な役割を果たします.

    • 結論:

    • DNAスーパーコイルのダイナミクスを理解することは,DNA処理を理解するために不可欠です.
    • パッシブメカニズムとアクティブメカニズムの両方が,細胞DNAホメオスタシスの維持に寄与する.
    • 単一分子技術は,スーパーコイル除去の時間スケールとメカニズムに関する詳細な洞察を提供します.