ディープウォーター・ホライズンの炭化水素の流れと生物分解を追跡する
Richard Camilli1, Christopher M Reddy, Dana R Yoerger
1Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. rcamilli@whoi.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 21, 2010
まとめ
ディープウォーター・ホライゾン (Deepwater Horizon) の石油流出事故は,35キロメートル以上の長さで,高レベルの炭化水素と生物分解が遅い,持続的な深海石油の羽根を作り出した. この羽根は,この羽根です.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジー マリン・バイオロジー
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- ディープウォーター・ホライゾン噴出事故は,最大規模のオフショア石油流出事件である.
- 深海の油柱の運命と影響を理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ディープウォーター・ホライゾン (Deepwater Horizon) 流出事故による深海油柱の特徴と持続性を調査する.
- 鉛筆内の炭化水素濃度と生物分解率を定量化するために.
主な方法:
- 自動運転の水中車両を用いた地下水中炭化水素調査.
- 船用ケーブルサンプラーで採取したサンプルを分析する.
- 微生物の呼吸速度を推測するために,溶けた酸素の測定.
主要な成果:
- 35キロメートル以上の長さの連続した油柱が,深さ1100メートルで検出されました.
- 羽根は数ヶ月間,生物分解が最小限に保たれていた.
- モノアロマティック炭化水素濃度は50μg/Lを超え,入力の割合は自然浸出量の2倍でした.
結論:
- ディープウォーター・ホライゾンからの深海の油柱は,広範囲で長続きしました.
- 羽根内の生物分解は,予想よりも著しく遅かった.
- 流出は,メキシコ湾の深い生態系への炭化水素の大量投入を代表しました.
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