干ばつによる2000年から2009年にかけての世界の陸上の純一次生産の減少
Maosheng Zhao1, Steven W Running
1Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, the University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. zhao@ntsg.umt.edu
まとめ
温暖化にもかかわらず,地球上の陸上原産物純生産 (NPP) は2000年から2009年にかけて減少した. 南半球での干ばつと乾燥は,北半球での増加を相殺し,陸上の炭素吸収を弱めた.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 気候科学 気候科学
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- 陸上の純一次生産 (NPP) は,植物による大気中の炭素の吸収を測定する.
- 以前の研究では,好ましい気候条件により,1982年から1999年にかけてのNPPの増加を示していた.
- 2000年から2009年にかけての10年間は,史上最も温暖な10年間でした.
研究 の 目的:
- 記録上最も暖かい10年間 (2000~2009年) の世界の原子力発電所の動向を評価する.
- 21世紀初頭における原子力発電所の変化に影響を与える要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 全世界のNPPの推定値の分析.
- 原子力発電所の動向を気温,太陽放射線,降雨パターンを含む気候データと比較.
主要な成果:
- グローバルNPPは2000年から2009年の間に0.55ペタグラムの炭素で減少しました.
- 大規模な干ばつが,地域の原子力発電所を大幅に削減しました.
- 南半球での乾燥傾向は,北半球での上昇を相殺して,NPPを減少させた.
結論:
- 温暖化にもかかわらず,世界のNPPは2000年代に減少し,地球の炭素吸収が弱まっていることを示しました.
- 原子力発電所の継続的な減少は,食料やバイオ燃料のための土地などの資源に対する競争を悪化させる可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Responses to Drought and Flooding
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
Threats to Biodiversity
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Primary Production
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

