深海のオイルプラムは,原産の石油を分解するバクテリアを豊かにする
Terry C Hazen1, Eric A Dubinsky, Todd Z DeSantis
1MS 70A-3317, One Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. tchazen@lbl.gov
まとめ
深海のバクテリアは,ディープウォーター・ホライゾン流出事故の石油を急速に劣化させた. この天然の生物修復は,重要な酸素の枯渇なしに深海で発生し,生態系の回復への希望をもたらしました.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジーの海洋生物学
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
背景:
- ディープウォーター・ホライズンの爆発により,大量の石油がメキシコ湾に放出されました.
- この深海の油柱の運命と生物学的影響は,ほとんど知られていなかった.
- この前例のない出来事に対する微生物の反応を理解することは,環境への影響を評価する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 深海の油柱の生物学的影響を調査するために.
- 分散した石油炭化水素の運命を決定するために.
- 深海の自然生物修復の可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 深海の水柱における炭化水素濃度と微生物コミュニティの組成の分析.
- 地元細菌における炭化水素を分解する遺伝子の特定.
- 生物分解率を測定するために,5°Cの環境分離物で化実験を行いました.
主要な成果:
- 分散した石油の羽根は,既知の石油分解剤と密接に関連した,原生 γ-プロテオバクテリアの成長を刺激しました.
- 炭化水素を分解する遺伝子は豊富で,石油汚染物質の濃度と相関することが判明しました.
- 5°Cでの炭化水素の生物分解率は,深海条件下でも予想より速い.
- 重要な酸素摂取は観察されず,深海の酸素レベルへの影響は最小限であった.
結論:
- 地元の深海の微生物,特に γ-プロテオバクテリアは,石油炭化水素を分解する能力を有しています.
- 深海のオイルプラムは,驚くほど速い速度で内在的なバイオリメディエーションを受けています.
- 深海の石油流出は,水柱に深刻な酸素枯渇を引き起こすことなく,自然な生物分解に容易な可能性があります.
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