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1970年から2009年までの175カ国の教育水準の向上と幼児死亡率への影響:体系的な分析
Emmanuela Gakidou1, Krycia Cowling, Rafael Lozano
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA. gakidou@uw.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 21, 2010
まとめ
女性の教育の増加は,世界的に幼児死亡率を大幅に削減しました. 5歳未満の子供の死亡が820万件減ったうち,半数以上は女性の教育水準の向上に関連していた.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
背景:
- 教育と健康は本質的に結びつき,教育は経済成長の重要な役割を果たしています.
- 以前の教育水準の体系的な評価が更新されました.
- この研究は,40年以上にわたり,女性の教育が子供の死亡率に与える影響に焦点を当てています.
研究 の 目的:
- 女性の教育水準の改善が,幼児死亡率の減少に与える貢献度を推定する.
- 世界的に,そして発展途上国における教育水準の動向を分析する.
- 児童死亡率と女性の教育との関連を調査し,社会経済的要因を制御する.
主な方法:
- 915の国勢調査と全国的に代表的な調査から収集したデータです.
- 年齢と性別による推定平均教育年数.
- 幼児死亡率と女性の教育レベルとの関連性を評価するために最初の差異モデルを使用し,収入とHIV感染率をコントロールしました.
主要な成果:
- 世界の平均教育年数は,男女ともに著しく増加した.
- 開発途上国では,生殖年齢の女性の就学率が大幅に上昇した.
- 1970年から2009年までの820万件未満 (5歳未満) の子供の死亡のうち420万件 (51.2%) が,女性の教育水準の向上に起因している.
結論:
- 教育,特に女性の教育の大幅な増加は,健康,女性の地位,社会的役割に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- 教育におけるジェンダー格差の逆転は,ミレニアム開発目標4に向けた急速な進展の可能性を示唆しています.
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