水とその影響が,石層とアステノスフィアの境界に及ぼす影響
David H Green1, William O Hibberson, István Kovács
1School of Earth Sciences and Centre for Ore Deposit Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia. David.H.Green@utas.edu.au
Nature
|September 25, 2010
まとめ
上層マントルの水分含有量は,その物理的性質に大きく影響する. 実験によると,90km以上の深さでは,パルガサイトの分解により,貯水量が急激に低下し,マントルのレオロギーに影響を与え,石層とアステノスフィアの境界を定義する.
科学分野:
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 実験的ペトロロジーは,実験的なペトロロジーです.
背景:
- 地球のプレート構造学には,より弱いアステノスフィアから切り離されたリトスフィアが含まれています.
- リトスフィア-アステノスフィアの境界の形成メカニズムが議論されており,マントルのレオロギーにおける水の役割が重要な要因である.
- 水はマントルのミネラルを弱め,あるいは部分的に溶解させ,レオロギーを影響する.
研究 の 目的:
- 6GPaまでの最上層マントルにおける水の役割を実験的に調査する.
- 水の含有量がマントル・レオロジーと石層とアステノスフィアの境界にどのように影響するかを明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 最上層マントルの状態を6GPaまでシミュレートするための新しい実験アプローチ.
- 水に富んだ蒸気でヘルゾライトを分析し,蒸気に飽和した固体を決定する.
- 名称上無水鉱物の含水量の測定と貯水場所の特定.
主要な成果:
- 水とヘルゾライトの蒸気飽和固体温は,1.5GPaでの970°Cから6GPaでの1350°Cまで上昇する.
- パルガサイトは主要な貯水鉱物ですが,3GPa以上では不安定になります.
- 3GPa以上のパルガサイトの不安定さは,水貯蔵能力と固体温の急激な低下につながります.
結論:
- パルガサイトの不安定性は3GPa以上 (約. 90kmの深さ) で,マントルの貯水能力が著しく低下する.
- 水分が豊富なマントル (>180 ppm H2O) で3 GPa以上の圧力下でのインタースティシャル溶融形成は,マントルのレオロギーを変化させる.
- このプロセスは,石層-アステノスフィアの境界を定義する上で決定的に重要であり,中洋の脊柱ベースタルトのアステノスフィアのマントルの水分含有量と一致します.
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