粉末潤滑による断層の弱まりと地震の不安定性
Ze'ev Reches1, David A Lockner
1School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd Street, Norman, Oklahoma, USA. reches@ou.edu
Nature
|September 25, 2010
まとめ
新しく形成された断層のは潤滑剤として作用し,地震中に断層を大幅に弱める. このダイナミックな弱体化メカニズムは,花岩の実験で観察され,地震の不安定性と地球上の断層の振る舞いを説明します.
科学分野:
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- 地震物理学 地震物理学
- ロック・メカニクス ロック・メカニクス
背景:
- 地震の不安定性は,加速滑行中の断層の弱体化に関連しています.
- この弱まりを誘発する正確なメカニズムは,広範な研究にもかかわらず,ほとんど説明されていないままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 地震滑り率で切断された実験的な断層におけるダイナミックな弱体化メカニズムを調査する.
- 新しく形成された断層のが地震の不安定性における役割を特定するために.
主な方法:
- 断層の振る舞いをシミュレートするために,部屋の乾燥,固い花岩ブロックの剪定.
- 細粒子の岩粉 (ゴージ) 形成による断層強度低下の分析.
- ゴージの老化と断層の強さの回復を時間とともに観察する.
主要な成果:
- 10-60 mm/sの滑り速度で,新しく形成されたは,薄い変形層に組織されます.
- このダイナミックなゴージ層は,断層の強さを2−3の因数で減少させた.
- 断層は,ゴージが滑り込み後に老化するにつれて,その強さを取り戻した.
結論:
- ダイナミックなの形成は,脆い地殻における地震の不安定性の重要なメカニズムです.
- 新しく形成されたゴージは潤滑剤として作用し,観測された地震の性質を説明します.
- このメカニズムは,様々な故障条件,組成,温度で適用できます.
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