プランクトンの生物地理学によって支配される海洋の栄養分比
Thomas S Weber1, Curtis Deutsch
1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. tweber@atmos.ucla.edu
Nature
|October 1, 2010
まとめ
海洋循環とプランクトン種の構成は,南大洋の表面水における窒素 (N) とリン (P) の比率を左右する. これらの要因は,栄養素の除去と炭素の輸出に影響を及ぼし,気候変動への影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 海洋化学と生物地球化学のサイクル
- 生物学的な海洋学
- 気候科学 気候科学
背景:
- 窒素とリン酸は強い海洋的相関を示し,プランクトンバイオマス (16:1) の平均窒素 (N) とリン (P) の比率に近似しています.
- このグローバルな栄養関係を生成するメカニズムは,生物の異なるN/P比にもかかわらず,依然として不明確です.
研究 の 目的:
- 南大洋の地表水における生物学的栄養分除去のN/P比を制御する要因を調査する.
- 海洋循環とプランクトンコミュニティの構造が,異なる緯度における栄養素の共変にどのように影響するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- 観察された栄養分分布と組み合わせた海洋循環モデルを利用した.
- プランクトン種の構成における地域的変動を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 栄養素除去のN/P比は緯度によって変化し,極地では12:1から南極圏では20:1まで変化した.
- プランクトンコミュニティの種組成は,これらの地域的なN/P比差異の主な要因として特定されました.
- 海洋循環は,生物地理的地域間の地下栄養素を混ぜることで,窒素とリン酸の共変性を維持することが判明しました.
結論:
- 地域プランクトンコミュニティの構造は,南洋の栄養素吸収のN/P比を決定する.
- 海洋循環は,観測された窒素酸塩-リン酸塩共変性を維持する上で重要な役割を果たしています.
- 海洋生物の気候に起因する変化は,平均のN/P比と南洋の生態系からの炭素輸出を修正する可能性がある.
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