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生物多様性実験の生物多様性相互作用に対する植物多様性のボトムアップ効果
Christoph Scherber1, Nico Eisenhauer, Wolfgang W Weisser
1Georg-August-University Göttingen, Department of Crop Sciences, Agroecology, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. christoph.scherber@agr.uni-goettingen.de
Nature
|October 29, 2010
まとめ
生物多様性の減少は生態系サービスに影響を及ぼします. 植物多様性の影響は,より高いトロフィックレベルでは弱まり,草食動物は肉食動物よりも強く反応する.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 生態系科学 生態系科学 生態系科学
- 生物多様性研究 生物多様性研究
背景:
- 生物多様性の減少は,生態系のプロセスとサービスを脅かしています.
- 以前の研究によると,生物多様性は,トロフィックレベルを超えて生物に利益をもたらしています.
- 食物網のダイナミクスを生物多様性評価に組み込む研究はほとんどありません.
研究 の 目的:
- マルチトロフィック相互作用に対する植物多様性の影響を調査する.
- 食物網の観点から,地表と地下の生物多様性を分析する.
- 生物多様性の影響がトロフィーレベルとオムニボリーレベルでどのように変化するのかを理解する.
主な方法:
- 8年間の生物多様性実験を実施しました.
- 多様な地表と地下の生物とその相互作用を研究した.
- 総合的な地表/地下の生物多様性食物網を開発しました.
主要な成果:
- 植物多様性の影響は,トロフィックレベルとオムニボリーの増加とともに減少した.
- 草食動物は,肉食動物やすべて食動物よりも,植物多様性の変化に対してより強い反応を示した.
- 地下での植物多様性への反応は,地上の反応よりも弱かった.
結論:
- 植物多様性は,マルチトロフィック相互作用ネットワークに強いボトムアップ効果を発揮する.
- トロフィックカスケードは,より高いトロフィックレベルで生物多様性の影響を間接的に媒介する.
- 植物多様性に対する肯定的な反応が観察されましたが,生物学的侵入や病原菌を除いてはそうでした.
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